Pouring new wine into old wineskins has caused problems for thousands of years. When you take an agile development process and pour it into minds and marketing machines that reproduce the same old waterfall approach complete with GANT charts, failure should not be surprising.
Three RUP experts have identified patterns of failure when using RUP and written an excellent paper that elucidates them in depth:
Larman, Craig, Kruchten, Philippe el al. How to Fail with the Rational Unified Process: Seven Steps to Pain and Suffering. Valtech Technologies and Rational Software, 2001.
In order to ensure absolute misunderstanding and failure in RUP adoption, we provide the following checklist or score sheet. Of course, the more points scored, the more successful the RUP failure.
You know you didn’t understand the RUP when …
o You think that inception = requirements; elaboration = design; and construction = implementation.
o You think that the purpose of elaboration is to fully and carefully define models, which are translated into code during construction.
o You think that only prototypes are created in elaboration. In reality, the production-quality core of the risky architectural elements should be programmed in elaboration.
o You try to define most of the requirements before starting design or implementation.
o You try to define most of the design before starting implementation.
o A “long time” is spent doing requirements or design work before programming starts.
o An organization considers that a suitable iteration length is measured in months, rather than weeks.
o You think that the pre-programming phase of UML diagramming and design activities is a time to fully and accurately define designs and models in great detail, and of programming as a simple mechanical translation of these into code.
o You try to plan a project in detail from start to finish, allocating the work to each iteration; you try to speculatively predict all the iterations, and what will happen in each one.
o An organization wants believable plans and estimates for projects before they have entered the elaboration phase.
o An organization thinks that adopting the RUP means to do many of the possible activities and create many documents, and thinks of or experiences the RUP as a formal process with many steps to be followed.
We are confident that by ... applying the checklist of misunderstandings, your adoption of the RUP and iterative development will be a spectacular mess.
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More Rational whitepapers on RUP can be found on the Rational website. You won't find this paper there, however, and it may be the most important one for success. Please contact Craig Larman at www.craiglarman.com for a copy.
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